THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF HYPHEMA IN A ASEEL BIRD
N.G Amith 1, Vidyasagar 2 and T, Chandrashekar
Veterinary Dispensary, Ramohalli, Bangalore south Taluk, Bangalore Urban, Karnataka, India
1 – Veterinary Officer, Veterinary Dispensary, Ramohalli, Bangalore south Taluk, Bangalore Urban-74 and corresponding author. amithdarevet@gmail.com
- PhD Scholar, Dept of poultry science, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore -24
- DD, Dept of AHVS, Bangalore Urban – 24
Abstract
An Aseel bird was presented with the history of acute injury to left eye. The bird on clinical examination was found to be blood tinched eye discharge, blood in anterior chamber, periorbital edema, chemosis and loss of menace response. Clinically diagnosed as a hyphema and treatment carried out for a week and the bird recovered uneventfully.
Keywords: Hyphema, anterior chamber, blood, aseel.
Introduction
Hyphema is defined as a collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. hyphema is most commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma along with hyphema, proptosis and uveitis are common ocular emergencies in birds. Additional causes of hyphema in bird includes predator/cat scratch or dog attack or even trauma against metal grills, gates, ceiling fans, etc. This article deals with the treatment of a hyphema in aseel bird and uneventful recovery.
Materials and methods
An Aseel bird was brought with the history of acute injury to left eye. Upon physical examination, the bird was found active, alert with no significant external injuries except traumatic injury on left eye. Upon detailed clinical examination revealed blood tinched eye discharge, periorbital edema, hyphema, chemosis and loss of menace response and dazzle reflexes on the left eye. The hyphema could have been due to any penetrating or blunt injury (Fig.1). Bird was treated with both parenterally and topically for seven consecutive days. Bird left eye was cleaned normal saline (0.9%) followed by 2 drops of atropine sulphate (0.01@) eye drops was instilled over left eye. After ten minutes, eye drops Hypersol-5 (Sodium chloride ophthalmic solution 5%) 2 drops and after 15 minutes, Gatifloxacin and prednisolone ophthalmic eye drops was instilled one drop over left eye. This protocol was adopted twice daily for 7 days. Bird was treated with inj Melonex @ 0.5 mg per kg body weight, inj nervijen @ 0.3 ml (Total dose), inj gentamicin @ 5mg/kg body weight for 5days. (Noureddin et. al., 2015) recommended topical and systemic corticosteriods to increase patient comfort and decrease inflammation that accompanies hyphema. Aggregation of RBC’s in streak form towards dorsal aspect of anterior chamber (Fig.2) reduced chemosis and improved response to menace reflex was observed on day 2. The menace reflex and blink reflex to visual threat was frequently used method for visual testing (Ballegoij et. al., 2015). Increased menace reflex response was found to be suggesting that the bird was gaining its vision gradually. On 7th day, complete recovery was observed and redness of eye was totally vanished (Fig.3).
Results and discussion
Bilateral ocular injuries were more common than unilateral in raptors. In contrast, previous retrospective studies reported a higher prevalence of unilateral lesions injured by trauma.
( Buyukmihci NC, 1985). Ocular emergency require meticulous examination of eyes, early diagnosis and proper treatment to prevent complete or partial loss of vision (Acharya et al., 2020). Even small amounts of blood within the anterior chamber can lead to complications such as glaucoma, corneal blood staining, and secondary hemorrhage; thus, proper management of this condition is crucial to prevent loss of vision. Vision in eyes can be checked by offering feed on either side or observe for movement of eyes and head. A bird’s eye is very tightly fitted into its skull and it is capable of very little movement, therefore birds can often be seen moving their heads in order to change their visual relationship to something. Treatment of traumatic eye injuries is symptomatic and consists of systemic and topical antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents (Crispin, 2009). Gatifloxacin was commonly used antibiotics in ocular injuries in birds.
Conclusion
Traumatic hyphema is very rare ocular emergencies leads to impaired the vision and making the bird more prone as a prey for predators. Successful Management and complete recovery from the condition can be possible by both systemic and topical approach.
Reference
Acharya, P.R., Ilayaraja, S., Baijuraj, M.V. and Arun, A.S., (2020). Incidence of hyphema in peafowl (Pavo cristatus). Indian J. Vet. Med. Vol, 40(2), pp.41-42.
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Buyukmihci, N.C., (1985). Lesions in the ocular posterior segment of raptors. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 187(11), pp.1121-1124.
Crispin, S.M., (2009). Notes on veterinary ophthalmology. John Wiley & Sons.
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